Guiding the design of behavioural and lifestyle modification interventions for risk reduction, prevention, and treatment of non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: An overview of relevant literature

BackgroundThe increasing burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) calls for the development and dissemination of effective and viable interventions. In this respect, behavioural and lifestyle modification interventions (BLMIs) offer the most effective means of addressing the underlying lifestyle behaviours associated with NCDs at multiple disease prevention levels (primordial, primary, and secondary). This review aims to provide an overview of key features and components of BCIs, as well as practical considerations when implementing in LMIC settings. Methods An exploratory approach was used to provide an overview of salient issues in the design of BLMIs. A narrative review of relevant scientific literature was conducted. Based on the review's aim, the most important themes or issues were extracted. Results Thirty-four publications were included as the most relevant literature to the topic, and eight overarching themes were identified: understanding the target health behaviour; use of behavioural health theories; applying behaviour change techniques/strategies; providing effective support and follow-up; intervention delivery formats and providers; the need for cultural sensitivity; feasibility issues; and addressing multiple lifestyle behaviours.Conclusion Targeting lifestyle and behavioural modification interventions with a proper understanding of their essential design components and practical implementation considerations is crucial in reducing the rising burden of NCDs in LMICs. The importance of conducting original researches and systematic reviews on the subject was also emphasized.