Variations in Soil Health Indicators as a Result of Cropping Systems and Management Practices in the Vegetable Systems Trial at Rodale Institute

Soil and crop management decisions, including crop rotation, residue management, and intensity and frequency of tillage, affect soil health and soil nutrient dynamics. Tillage can degrade soil health by mechanically reducing soil aggregates and oxidation of soil organic matter upon decomposition by soil microbes. Tillage also increases cover crop residue mixing with the soil, thereby enhancing decomposition of crop residues and soil organic matter and consequently soil health over time.