Plant-wide modelling in wastewater treatment : showcasing 1 experiences using the model BNRM 2

Plant-wide modelling can be considered an appropriate approach to represent the current 11 complexity in water resource recovery facilities, reproducing all known phenomena in the different 12 process units. Nonetheless, novel processes and new treatment schemes are still being developed and 13 need to be fully incorporated in these models. This work presents a short chronological overview of 14 some of the most relevant plant-wide models for wastewater treatment, as well as the authors’ 15 experience in plant-wide modelling using the general model BNRM, illustrating the key role of general 16 models (also known as supermodels) in the field of wastewater treatment, both for engineering and 17 research. 18