Pre-print submitted version Radiative and non-Radiative Losses Analysis by In-situ Photoluminescence in Perovskite Solar Cell Current-Voltage Curves

The rapid development of perovskite solar cells has been based on improvements in materials and device architectures, yet further progress towards their theoretical limit will require a detailed study of the main physical processes determining the photovoltaic performance. Luminescence can be a key parameter for this purpose, as it directly assesses radiative recombination. We present steady-state absolute photoluminescence of an operating device at varying voltages as a tool to study the loss mechanisms in perovskite devices. The technique gives access to the variation of the relative radiative /non-radiative recombination weighted along the measured potentials, and allows identifying charge extraction deficits at short-circuit conditions, which we show on a vacuum-deposited solar cell. These measurements can be crucial to characterize the nature of the charge losses, a step to develop approaches to improve this photovoltaic technology.