Human influence on growing period frosts like the early april 2021 in Central France

● However, observed human-caused warming also affected the earlier occurrence of bud burst, characterized here by a growing-degree-day index value. This observed effect is stronger than the decrease in spring cold spells, thus exposing young leaves to more winter-like conditions with lower minimum temperatures and longer nights. The intensity of extreme frosts occurring after the start of the growing season such as those of April 2021 has increased by about -2°C, with a large range of uncertainty [3.3°C to -0.6°C];