Neurolinguistic Programming in Practice: More Empirical than Magical

Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is a psychotherapeutic approach, applying understanding and reformation of thinking and behavior in specific psychological and physical conditions. NLP differs from psychotherapies, such as hypnotherapy, counseling, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, in that NLP aims to alter the underlying thought pattern, eliminating the hindrance. Whether or not NLP should be merged with mainstream medical practice is a matter of ongoing debate. Nevertheless, the practice of NLP leads to useful communication and rapport between doctors and patients. It remains challenging to determine the efficacy of NLP as singular therapy or combined therapy via classical research studies into such subjective matters as fear, pain, and depression. However, for many patients, NLP simply “works”. This review is designed as a practical resource regarding NLP. It begins with a historical background (notable researchers and studies), reviews evidence-based research, presents indications and contraindications, highlights applications in specific conditions, such as: phobias (panic and anxiety disorders, claustrophobia, and acrophobia); post-traumatic depression and anxiety (injury, stroke, disability, and death); occupational stress; chronic pain; pregnancy; substance abuse; application and integration in medical practice; and training and certification. The design aim was to develop a succinct—go-to—resource regarding NLP for physicians, psychologists, health care providers, policymakers, and the general public.