Characterizing cellular and molecular variabilities of peripheral immune cells in healthy inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients by single-cell RNA sequencing

We systematically investigated the transcriptomes of the peripheral immune cells from 6 inactivated vaccine, BBIBP-CorV recipients at 4 pivotal time points using single-cell RNA-seq technique. First, the significant variation of the canonical immune-responsive signals of both humoral and cellular immunity, as well as other possible symptom-driver signals were evaluated in the specific cell types. Second, we described and compared the common and distinct variation trends across COVID-19 vaccination, disease progression, and flu vaccination to achieve in-depth understandings of the manifestation of immune response in peripheral blood under different stimuli. Third, the expanded T cell and B cell clones were correlated to the specific phenotypes which allowed us to characterize the antigen-specific ones much easier in the future. At last, other than the coagulopathy, the immunogenicity of megakaryocytes in vaccination were highlighted in this study. In brief, our study provided a rich data resource and the related methodology to explore the details of the classical immunity scenarios. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Clinical Trial NCT04871932 ### Funding Statement This work was supported by grants from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (81625002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81930007, 81470389, 81500221 and 81800307), the Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Program (18XD1402400), Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai (SSMU-ZDCX20180200) and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support (20152209) ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The Ethics Committee of Ren Ji Hospital (KY2021-046), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes The data will be online published upon the acceptence of the manuscript by a journal and the agreement by the all authors.