Quantitation of cancer treatment response by 2-[ 18 F]FDG PET/CT: multi-center assessment of measurement variability using AUTO-PERCIST™

Background The aim of this study was to assess the reader variability in quantitatively assessing pre- and post-treatment 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro- d -glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([ 18 F]FDG PET/CT) scans in a defined set of images of cancer patients using the same semi-automated analytical software (Auto-PERCIST™), which identifies tumor peak standard uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SUL peak ) to determine [ 18 F]FDG PET quantitative parameters. Methods Paired pre- and post-treatment [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT images from 30 oncologic patients and Auto-PERCIST™ semi-automated software were distributed to 13 readers across US and international sites. One reader was aware of the relevant medical history of the patients (read reference ), whereas the 12 other readers were blinded to history but had access to the correlative images. Auto-PERCIST™ was set up to first automatically identify the liver and compute the threshold for tumor measurability (1.5 × liver mean) + (2 × liver standard deviation [SD]) and then detect all sites with SUL peak greater than the threshold. Next, the readers selected sites they believed to represent tumor lesions. The main performance metric assessed was the percent change in the SUL peak (%ΔSUL peak ) of the hottest tumor identified on the baseline and follow-up images. Results The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the %ΔSUL peak of the hottest tumor was 0.87 (95%CI: [0.78, 0.92]) when all reads were included ( n = 297). Including only the measurements that selected the same target tumor as the read reference ( n = 224), the ICC for %ΔSUL peak was 1.00 (95%CI: [1.00, 1.00]). The Krippendorff alpha coefficient for response (complete or partial metabolic response, versus stable or progressive metabolic disease on PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0) was 0.91 for all reads ( n = 380) and 1.00 including for reads with the same target tumor selection ( n = 270). Conclusion Quantitative tumor [ 18 F]FDG SUL peak changes measured across multiple global sites and readers utilizing Auto-PERCIST™ show very high correlation. Harmonization of methods to single software, Auto-PERCIST™, resulted in virtually identical extraction of quantitative tumor response data from [ 18 F]FDG PET images when the readers select the same target tumor.