A Comparative Study of Diffusion Fiber Reconstruction Models for Pyramidal Tract Branches

Currently, comparative studies evaluating the quantification accuracy of pyramidal tracts (PT) and PT branches that were tracked based on four mainstream diffusion models are deficient. The present study aims to evaluate four mainstream models using the high-quality Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion spectral imaging (DSI), generalized Q-space sampling imaging (GQI), and Q-ball imaging (QBI) were used to construct the PT and PT branches in 50 healthy volunteers from the HCP. False and true PT fibers were identified based on anatomic information. One-way repeated measure analysis of variance and post hoc paired-sample t-test were performed to identify the best PT and PT branch quantification model. The number, percentage, and density of true fibers of PT obtained based on GQI and QBI were significantly larger than those based on DTI and DSI (all p < 0.0005, Bonferroni corrected), whereas false fibers yielded the opposite results (all p < 0.0005, Bonferroni corrected). More trunk branches (PTtrunk) were present in the four diffusion models compared with the upper limb (PTUlimb), lower limb (PTLlimb), and cranial (PTcranial) branches. In addition, significantly more true fibers were obtained in PTtrunk, PTUlimb, and PTLlimb based on the GQI and QBI compared with DTI and DSI (all p < 0.0005, Bonferroni corrected). Finally, GQI-based group probabilistic maps showed that the four PT branches exhibited relatively unique spatial distributions. Therefore, the GQI and QBI represent better diffusion models for the PT and PT branches. The group probabilistic maps of PT branches have been shared with the public to facilitate more precise studies on the plasticity of and the damage to the motor pathway.