Higher-order valley vortices enabled by synchronized rotation in a photonic crystal

Synchronized rotation of unit cells in a periodic structure provides a novel design perspective for manipulation of band topology.We then design a two-dimensional version of higher-order topological insulator(HOTI)by such rotation in a triangular photonic lattice with C3 symmetry.This HOTI supports the hallmark zero-dimensional corner states and,simultaneously,the one-dimensional edge states.We also find that our photonic corner states carry chiral orbital angular momenta locked by valleys,whose wave functions are featured by the phase vortex(singularity)positioned at the maximal Wyckoff points.Moreover,when excited by a fired source with various frequencies,the valley topological states of both one-dimensional edges and zero-dimensional corners emerge simultaneously.Extendable to higher or synthetic dimensions,our paper provides access to a chiral vortex plat-form for HOTI realizations in the terahertz photonic system.