Identification and characterization of G protein-coupled receptors in Spodoptera frugiperda (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

•Many segmental duplications and tandem duplications have been discovered in S. frugiperda, which is the key factor for the expansion of the GPCR superfamily.•There are 40 receptors that had different degrees of expansion in S. frugiperda, among which 23 receptors expanded in biogenic amine receptors and neuropeptide and protein hormone receptors.•17 members of Mth/Mthls subfamily in S. frugiperda were more than other insects, showing a special expansion pattern.