Winter (or ?-Shell) Model at Small and Intermediate Volumes

We consider Winter (or delta-shell) model at finite volume, describing a small resonating cavity weakly coupled to a large one, for small and intermediate volumes (lengths). By defining N as the ratio of the length of the large cavity over the small one, we study the symmetric case N = 1, in which the two cavities actually have the same length, as well as the cases N = 2, 3, 4.By increasing N in the above range, the transition from a simple quantum oscillating system to a system having a resonance spectrum is investigated. We find that each resonant state is represented, at finite volume, by a cluster of states, each one resonating in a specific coupling region, centered around a state resonating at very small couplings.We derive high-energy expansions for the particle momenta in the above N cases, which (approximately) resum their perturbative series to all orders in the coupling among the cavities. These new expansions converge rather quickly with the order, provide, surprisingly, a uniform approximation in the coupling and also work, again surprisingly, at low energies. We construct a first resummation scheme having a clear physical picture, which is based on a function-series expansion, as well as a second scheme based on a recursion equation. The two schemes coincide at leading order, while they differ from next-to-leading order on. In particular, the recursive scheme realizes an approximate resummation of the function-series expansion generated within the first scheme.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.