Application of Solubility and Dissolution Profile Comparison for Prediction of Gastric pH-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions

The objective of this study was to assess how solubility and dissolution profile comparisons under different pH conditions can be used to predict gastric pH-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential. We collected information for new molecular entities (NMEs) approved from 2003 to 2019 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that had dedicated clinical DDI studies with acid-reducing agents (ARAs). Among these, 67 NMEs with solubility under different pHs and dissolution profiles generated in pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 aqueous media were included for analysis. Similarity factor ( f 2 ) was used to compare dissolution profiles at different pHs for pH-mediated DDI prediction (e.g., f 2 <50 predicts positive DDI). Prediction accuracy was calculated based on the outcome comparison between predicted and observed DDIs. Based on dissolution profile comparisons and observed DDI data, weak base drugs (WBDs) ( n = 49) showed 72.5% prediction accuracy under the fasted conditions, and 66.7% prediction accuracy under fed conditions. While using solubility and clinical dose for prediction, the prediction accuracy was 80% under fasted conditions and 66.7% under fed conditions, respectively. Comparison of dissolution profiles generated at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 can be used to predict gastric pH-mediated DDI potential for WBDs. It demonstrated comparable prediction accuracy under both fasted and fed conditions when compared to the prediction using solubility and clinical dose. Furthermore, dissolution profile comparison could add an additional understanding of possible impact of pH change on the release behavior of the drug product. Graphical abstract