Changes in ligand coordination mode induce bimetallic C-C coupling pathways

Carbon-carbon coupling is one of the most powerful tools in the organic synthesis arsenal. Known methodologies primarily exploit monometallic Pd-0/Pd-II catalytic mechanisms to give new C-C bonds. Bimetallic C-C coupling mechanisms that involve a Pd-I/Pd-II redox cycle, remain underexplored. Thus, a detailed mechnaistic understanding is imperative for the development of new bimetallic catalysts. Previously, a Pd-II-Me dimer (1) supported by L1, which has phosphine and 1-azaallyl donor groups, underwent reductive elimination to give ethane, a Pd-I dimer, a Pd-II monometallic complex, and Pd black. Herein, a comprehensive experimental and computational study of the reactivity of 1 is presented, which reveals that the versatile coordination chemistry of L1 promotes bimetallic C-C bond formation. The phosphine 1-azaallyl ligand adopts various bridging modes to maintain the bimetallic structure throughout the C-C bond forming mechanism, which involves intramolecular methyl transfer and 1,1-reductive elimination from one of the palladium atoms. The minor byproduct, methane, likely forms through a monometallic intermediate that is sensitive to solvent C-H activation. Overall, the capacity of L1 to adopt different coordination modes promotes the bimetallic C-C coupling channel through pathways that are unattainable with statically-coordinated ligands.