Risk factors for and clinical outcomes of ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections: a single-center retrospective study

Purpose The emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been increasingly reported in recent years. We aimed to identify the risk factors of CZA-resistant CRKP infection and assess clinical outcomes of the patients. Methods The study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and microbiological data of patients with CRKP infection to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 103 patients with CRKP infection were enrolled in this study. Multivariate analysis showed previous renal replacement therapy (OR 3.966, 95% CI 1.301–12.090, P = 0.015) was an independent risk factor for CZA-resistant CRKP infection. The 28-day mortality was higher in patients infected with CZA-resistant CRKP (27.9%) than those with CZA-susceptible CRKP (7.1%) ( P = 0.009). CZA-resistant CRKP infection (OR 20.308, 95% CI 1.461–282.293, P = 0.025), and mechanical ventilation (OR 14.950, 95% CI 1.034–216.212, P = 0.047) were independent predictors for 28-day mortality in patients with CRKP infection. Lower level of platelet count (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.975–0.999, P = 0.032) on the day of CRKP infection onset was related to 28-day mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the CZA-resistant CRKP group had a shorter survival time than the CZA-susceptible CRKP group. Conclusion The prevalence and mortality of CZA-resistant CRKP are still increasing. Strengthening the hospital infection control of renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation may help to prevent CZA-resistant CRKP.