Environmental enrichment: neurophysiological responses and consequences for health

Environmental enrichment, providing greater sensory, physical, cognitive and social stimulation, triggers a cascade of anatomical and molecular changes within the brain and contributes to significant improvements in sensorimotor and cognitive function in animal models of disease. Exposure to and engagement with nature and other cultural activities such as dance, art and music are examples of environmental enrichment strategies which have been employed in the clinical setting to promote passive and active multisensory stimulation in numerous patient populations. This chapter provides a concise summary of the (i) evidence regarding the effect of environmental enrichment when used in animal models of disease and brain injury; (ii) proposed underlying mechanisms by which this multisensory stimulation exerts these effects; (iii) use of nature and other enrichment strategies in the clinical setting; and lastly (iv) role that the architectural design of health environments play in optimizing recovery and well-being.