Epidemiology and Resistance Phenotypes of Salmonella spp. Strains Responsible for Gastroenteritis in Children less than Five Years of Age in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Conventional treatment of children with severe gastroenteritis is based on antibiotic therapy. Due to the emergence of Multi-Drug resistant bacteria and pediatric therapeutic failures, this study was undertaken to determine resistance phenotypes of Salmonella spp. responsible for children, gastroenteritis. From August 2013 to October 2015, this study was carried out in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Salmonella spp. we're isolated in diarrheal children, hospitalized or received in consultation at Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Paul Reportage at the Medical Center with Surgical Antenna Paul VI and Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Schiphra for acute diarrhea. The method of streaking on selective medium was used to isolate bacteria and their identification was done through the standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was based on the disk diffusion method. Fifty three (53) Salmonella spp. strains were isolated. Salmonella spp. were high resistant to amoxicillin (96.2%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (92.5%), tetracycline (73.6%), colistin sulfate (56.6%) and ceftriaxone (50.9%). Resistance was very high in children less than two years of age. The most resistant phenotype represented was the Extended Spectrum β-lactamases phenotype (60.4%). Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella spp. is becoming predominant among Enterobacteriaceae prevalent in pediatric services. These strains becoming resistant to the first-line antibiotics could increase the severity of the situation of Salmonella gastroenteritis in Burkina Faso.