Development of Biomass-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals and its Composites

Cellulose nanocrystals are the most fascinating smart bio-based nanomaterials derived from the most abundant and inexhaustible, naturally occurring biopolymer “cellulose.” These nanomaterials have received a tremendous amount of interest in both industry and scientific research due to their unique structural and physicochemical properties including mechanical, optical, chemical, and rheological along with bio-compatibility, biodegradability, renewability, low density, and adaptable surface chemistry. However, few challenges are addressed due to the hydrophilic nature of these nanocrystals while acting as reinforcing agent for developing composite films. The surface modification or functionalization of these nanomaterials is one such strategy to meet the various challenging demands such as the development of high-performance nanocomposites, using hydrophobic polymer matrices. Considering the increasing potential of this sustainable bio-nanomaterial, the current chapter aims to collate the knowledge about the various biomass-based sources, the details of synthesis techniques, and wide applications along with the compatibility of sustainable polymers of cellulose nanocrystals. Further, the details about the various characteristic properties of these bio-nanomaterials and its composites are discussed along with their potential in wide range of applications.