Molecular Tools and Techniques for Understanding the Microbial Community Dynamics of Vermicomposting

Earthworms have the remarkable capability of decomposing the organic matter through a biochemical oxidative process popularly called as vermicomposting. As this process significantly alters the physical and biochemical attributes of organic matter through solubilization of minerals, the resultant product called vermicompost is highly rich in nutrients that are very useful for improving the soil fertility. The organic matter decomposition is mainly carried out by microorganisms, while the earthworms provide a milieu favorable for activity of microorganisms, through ingestion and churning of the organic matter. Hence, investigation on the pattern of changes taking place in the community of microorganisms during vermicomposting is very important as it has a direct bearing on vermicompost quality. With the advancement in tools and techniques for scientific research on vermicomposting, our understanding about the entire process has tremendously increased over past few decades. Of particular relevance, here are the molecular tools and techniques that have greatly enhanced our knowledge in understanding the microbial community dynamics of vermicomposting. This chapter provides an overview of molecular tools and techniques being used for unravelling the mechanisms of interactions of microorganisms with various biotic and abiotic factors under a unique micro-ecosystem where the earthworms are crucial drivers of the process owing to their active role in the stimulation of microbial populations.