Imaging of feeding and eating disorders

The conceptual framework regarding the aetiology of eating disorders (EDs) has changed dramatically in recent decades. Cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques have led to advancements in understanding the underlying neurobiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allow the opportunity to examine not only structural, but also functional, abnormalities that contribute to extreme eating behaviours characteristic of these life-threatening disorders. Furthermore, research using imaging paradigms suggests that variations in neurobiology are associated with traits that persist after recovery. This chapter will provide insights regarding neural pathways involved in the processing of appetite, reward, mood, body perception, and cognitive inhibition as they pertain to EDs. Findings relevant to feeding disorders will also be discussed. Conclusions will include considerations of treatment applications and directions for future research.