Qualitative Study of Mentorship for Women and Minorities in Surgery

BACKGROUND Despite the growth of mentorship opportunities for women in surgery, women remain largely underrepresented in the surgical field. Mentorship is an effective strategy to increase female entry and retention within surgical careers. There is limited literature evaluating mentorship for women in surgery across different career levels and racial backgrounds. STUDY DESIGN In-depth interviews were conducted with female fourth-year medical students applying for a surgical residency, female surgical residents, and female surgical faculty from a single academic institution. RESULTS A total of 35 women in surgery, including 14 faculty, 11 residents, and 10 fourth-year medical students were interviewed. Twenty (57%) self-identified as White, 7 (20%) as Asian, 6 (17.1%) as Black, and 2 (5.7%) as Other. Key themes included: (1) access to mentorship, (2) characteristics valued in a mentor, (3) role of gender identity when choosing a mentor, (4) role of racial identity when choosing a mentor, and (5) importance of early mentorship for women and underrepresented minorities in medicine (URiM). Mentorship was important for early career development. Mentors who were approachable, invested in their mentees, and were available and honest were most valued. Shared gender and racial identity were appreciated most by younger and URiM mentees, respectively. Respondents from each career level acknowledged the importance of early mentorship for women and URiM in surgery to facilitate increased diversity in the surgical field. CONCLUSION Mentorship plays a pivotal role in early career development for women in the surgical field. Access to mentors with shared gender and racial compositions can provide a unique level of support for female and URiM mentees. Expanded and earlier mentorship access for women and minority students can increase diversity in the surgical field. (C) 2022 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.