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Revealing the Yeast Diversity of the Flor Biofilm Microbiota in Sherry Wines Through Internal Transcribed Spacer-Metabarcoding and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Frontiers in microbiology(2022)

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摘要
Flor yeast velum is a biofilm formed by certain yeast strains that distinguishes biologically aged wines such as Sherry wine from southern Spain from others. AlthoughSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis the most common species, 5.8 S-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses have revealed the existence of non-Saccharomycesspecies. In order to uncover the flor microbiota diversity at a species level, we used ITS (internal transcribed spacer 1)-metabarcoding and matrix-assisted laser desorption/Ionization time of flight mass spectrometry techniques. Further, to enhance identification effectiveness, we performed an additional incubation stage in 1:1 wine:yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) before identification. Six species were identified:S. cerevisiae,Pichia manshurica,Pichia membranifaciens,Wickerhamomyces anomalus,Candida guillermondii, andTrichosporon asahii, two of which were discovered for the first time (C. guillermondiiandTrichosporon ashaii) in Sherry wines. We analyzed wines where non-Saccharomycesyeasts were present or absent to see any potential link between the microbiota and the chemical profile. Only 2 significant volatile chemicals (out of 13 quantified), ethanol and ethyl lactate, and 2 enological parameters (out of 6 quantified), such as pH and titratable acidity, were found to differ in long-aged wines. Although results show a low impact where the non-Saccharomycesyeasts are present, these yeasts isolated from harsh environments (high ethanol and low nutrient availability) could have a potential industrial interest in fields such as food microbiology and biofuel production.
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关键词
flor biofilm,biological aging,Sherry wine,ITS-metabarcoding,MALDI-TOF MS,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,non-Saccharomyces
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