The effect of Ag incorporation on the characteristics of the polymer derived bioactive silicate phosphate glass-ceramic scaffolds

In the bone tissue engineering field (BTE), it is of significant importance to develop bioactive multifunctional scaffolds with enhanced osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and antibac-terial properties required for lost bone tissue regeneration. In this work, a bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold was manufactured via a novel polymer-derived ceramics (PDC) man-ufacturing method. To gain antibacterial properties, the silver ions were incorporated in controlled amount along with other precursors in the PDC processing stage. Microstructural and structural properties of the fabricated silicate-phosphate glass-ceramic scaffold were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spec-troscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. Furthermore, bioactivity, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity evaluation of PDC scaffolds were conducted. The microstruc-tural analysis determined that scaffolds have interconnected porous network with two different pore range size favorable for osteointegration and bone formation. The structural analysis confirmed that fabricated glass-ceramic scaffolds contain bioactive octacalcium phosphate (OCP) phase responsible for enhanced bioactivity and HCA formation during the immersing of scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF) for several days. Moreover, PDC scaffolds with Ag nanoparticles showed considerable antibacterial properties against Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria cells. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to develop a novel group of antibacterial and bioactive Ag incorporated silicate-phosphate glass-ceramic scaffolds for BTE applications, such that, it was verified in vivo.(c) 2021 SECV. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).