Spectroscopic anatomical mapping of left atrium endocardial substrate and lesion using an optically integrated mapping catheter

Radiofrequency ablation procedures, such as pulmonary vein isolation for patients with atrial fibrillation, require detailed anatomical mapping of atrial structural substrate to identify AF substrate. Identification of structural substrates, such as scar tissue, pulmonary vein, collagen and adipose tissue can provide helpful guidance of RFA procedures. We demonstrate mapping of atrial substrates using optical spectral signatures from near-infrared spectroscopy. Using position tracking and interpolation algorithm, we assess the capability of NIRS to distinguish various tissue structures on a reconstructed 3D spatial maps of ex-vivo swine and human atriums.