Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides

The lecture presents some recent progress in understanding the key mechanisms of hydrogenHydrogen-based direct reduction. The kinetics of the solid-state reduction reactions strongly depend on mass transport kinetics, nucleation during the multiple phase transformations, the oxide’s chemistry and microstructure, and on plasticity, damage, and fracture associated with the phase transformation and mass transport phenomena occurring during reduction. Understanding these effects is key to produce hydrogenHydrogen-based green steelSteel and design corresponding direct reduction shaft or fluidized bed reactors, enabling massive CO2 reductions.