A recursive-memory brain-state classifier with 32-channel track-and-zoom Δ 2 Σ ADCs and Charge-Balanced Programmable Waveform Neurostimulators

The advancement of closed-loop neuromodulation for treating neurological disorders demands: (1) analog circuits monitoring the brain activity uninterruptedly even during neurostimulation, (2) energy-efficient high-efficacy processors for responsive, adaptive, personalized neurostimulation, and (3) safe neurostimulation paradigms with rich spatio-temporal stimuli for controlling the brain's complex dynamics. This paper presents an implantable neural interface processor (NURIP) that addresses these requirements — it performs brain state classification for reliable seizure prediction and contingent seizure abortion.