리쇼어링의 결정요인과 정책 효과성 연구 (Determinants of Reshoring and Effectiveness of Reshoring Policies)

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 리쇼어링의 배경을 살펴본 후 리쇼어링 지원정책에 대한 효과성을 점검하고 이로부터 정책적 시사점을 도출하기 위해 여러 각도에서 리쇼어링을 연구하였다. 리쇼어링의 학술적 정의를 바탕으로 활용 가능한 통계를 이용해 국내 리쇼어링의 가능성을 예측하고 모형을 통해 리쇼어링 정책의 효과성을 검토하였다. 또한 한국을 비롯하여 미국, 유럽, 대만의 리쇼어링 현황과 정책을 비교 및 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 리쇼어링 현상 및 배경에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고, 리쇼어링 정책의 효율적인 설계를 위한 토대로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. English Abstract: Following the global financial crisis, some advanced countries recognized that the manufacturing sectors play an important role in mitigating the negative effects of the economic crisis. Also, as there has been some indication of firms bringing back manufacturing activities back to their home countries in recent years, reshoring has received broad attention by policy makers in advanced coutnries such as U.S. and Europe. Firms once offshored are relocating production back to the home country as production costs have significantly increased in emerging countries, and as they encounter a variety of difficulties such as low quality of products and low flexibility in production processes. The Korean government announced reshoring policies which provide reshoring firms with tax or subsidy incentives in December 2013. However, the policies appeared to be ineffective because only a very limited number of firms chose to reverse their previous offshoring decisions, leading to the concern that only a small number of firms are realizing the benefit of the reshoring policies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the background of reshoring and effectiveness of reshoring policies from various angles. First of all, this study examines the definition of reshoring used in the literature and compares this with the concept of reshoring used in the media or policies. In addition, we infer the possibility of reshoring based on Korean firm data and develop a model to study the effectiveness of the reshoring policies. Lastly, we study reshoring trends and policies for Korea, U.S., Europe, and Taiwan to provide policy implications.