低成本运载火箭总体设计研究 Research on the Overall Design of Low Cost Launch Vehicle

数十年来，高昂的发射成本一直是制约航天业发展的主要因素。随着SpaceX公司成功回收猎鹰9R火箭的一子级，世界各航天机构纷纷提出各自的低成本火箭研制发展计划。通过收集和分析国外低成本火箭发展计划，针对低成本火箭研制难题，主要从结构设计、发动机设计等六个方面进行了总体设计研究，为我国低成本运载火箭研制发展提供借鉴。 Expensive launch cost is a key limitation factor of aerospace technology and application development for decades. With the success recovery of FALCON-9 first stage, many space institutions in the world have proposed their different development schemes of low cost launch vehicles. This paper collected and analyzed abroad development schemes of low cost launch vehicles. Aiming at the difficulty of the design and manufacturing, the overall design researches are presented in six fields, such as structure design, engine design, and so on. The research results can afford us lessons for development of low cost launch vehicles.