Soil Energy Harvesting and Its Review on WSN Node Operation

WSN is defined as a next-generation network that had interconnected sensor nodes exchanging monitored data using wireless technologies by ITU-T. However, WSN has the main problem which is WSN node limited energy. To dealing with WSN power limited problem some researchers propose the use of energy harvested. In this paper, we review the energy harvesting methods from the soil environment to enhance WSN nodal operational time. The biggest electrical power generates method from soil was bio organism methods which are 69.69 mW compare with chemical methods 0.057 mW and temperature 15 mW. Unfortunately this small dimension energy harvester insufficiently supplies electrical power WSN Node on a transmit mode 454.5mW and 124.5 mW on measure/idle mode. However fortunately this small energy harvester can supply electrical power for WSN Node on deep sleep mode, which is need at about 0.15 mW. This soil energy harvesting device can also enhance the WSN node operational time from 1277.9 days to 2611.5 days in 0.1 duty cycle operations with 3000 mAh battery.