A perspective into the Current Global Scenario of Vaccine Development and Approval

An understanding of vaccine epidemiology is essential for global preparedness against disease outbreaks. The gap of knowledge between academic communities, policymakers, and the common public must be narrowed down. With the advent of new technologies, vaccine development and bioproduction are witnessing a new revolution. This review article highlights the critical aspects of vaccine design, development, and approval. The various categories of vaccines have been discussed, highlighting the significant benefits and risks of each type. The bioproduction processes involved in manufacturing vaccines have been described with case studies for the vaccine against Malaria and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections. The importance of computational tools in vaccine development has been highlighted as artificial intelligence and medical science collaboratively have highly accelerated the complete process starting from identification of CVV(Candidate vaccine virus) to the approval of a vaccine. The method of vaccine approval in different regions of the world has been elaborated, focusing on the regulatory authorities at the United States, European Union, and India. The article ends with the mention of milestones and insight into how humankind has joined hands to combat the COVID-19 global pandemic.