Energy Management in Standalone AC / DC Microgrid with Sectionalized Ring Bus and Hybrid Resources

This paper presents a novel control scheme on AC/DC ring bus islanded microgrid under unbalanced and non-linear loads. The DC bus is integrated with the fuel cell, one wind turbine, and two batteries. The DC bus can be divided into two sub-sections, where the first zone is supported by the fuel cell and battery 1, and the second zone is installed with the wind turbine and battery 2. The AC bus is also able to be sectionalized into two sub-sections where the diesel generator and the unbalanced load are located on the first section and the non-linear load with one wind turbine are placed on the other section. The DC bus is connected to the AC bus through two parallel three-phase lines each one configured by three single-phase inverters. The proposed control scheme in the ringed and separated modes presents several contributions including balancing the unbalanced loads, compensating the harmonics of non-linear loads, improving the voltage stability and sag/swells, enabling partial operation under outages, and enhancing resilience. In the ring mode, wind turbine 1 and diesel generator inject balanced and linear P-Q powers to the system as 39 kW/6 kVAr and 7 kW/9 kVAr, respectively. In the separated mode, the P-Q powers of wind turbine 1 are 36 kW/9 kVAr and they are 15 kW/9 kVAr for diesel generators. In both modes, the unbalanced and non-linear powers are supplied by the DC bus. The results verify that the developed control strategy efficiently deals with harmonic components, unbalanced currents and voltage issues.