Surface functionalization for heterogeneous catalysis

Surface functionalization represents a fascinating approach for further regulation of catalytic properties, where the surface adsorbed molecules could reshape the surface energetic states of the core-catalysts, induce the steric effect like the enzyme catalysis, and change the microenvironment near the catalysts. These effects altogether bring abundant possibilities for catalysts with desirable performances. In this article, we tend to make a comprehensive presentation on the subject of surface functionalization for heterogeneous catalysis. First, we will review several typical interactions between ligand and catalyst. Second, several commonly employed strategies for surface functionalization will be introduced. Third, we highlight the general mechanisms on how the surface molecules affect catalysis. We will also illustrate the application of surface functionalization in several important catalytic processes. Finally, we conclude by proposing the current drawbacks, challenges, and advanced methodologies to further advance this field. We hope the contents in this article will provide readers with in-depth understanding on the surface functionalization for heterogeneous catalysis.