Signature of a mesospheric bore in 557.7 nm airglow emission using all-sky imager at Hanle (32.7N, 78.9E)

A prominent signature of dark bore front in the mesospheric O(S-1) airglow emission is observed on a night in the late winter at Hanle (32.7 degrees N, 78.9 degrees E) located in the western Himalaya. The leading front was followed by a series of evident trailing waves and the event lasts for more than two hours. The characteristic features of the bore indicate it to be linear undular type. Instantaneous temperature profile shows presence of stable region through formation of thermal duct in the upper mesosphere possibly supported by chemistry and/or dynamics. With time, the bore fronts became faint in presence of ripples as they reached other side of imager field of view (FOV). During the initial period around 3-4 waves h(-1) appear to enter the imager FOV. The observed average phase speed, period and horizontal wavelength are found to be 40 m/s, 12 min and 29 km, respectively. The bore fronts exhibit a clockwise rotation at a rate of around 5 degrees h(-1). The front edge perpendicular to the direction of propagation shows small-amplitude undulation indicating nonuniform duct structure. The tropospheric meteorological conditions may indicate plausible contribution from jet stream, weather front (linked with the Himalayan orography), and nonmigrating tides to excite and sustain the mesospheric bore event although further investigations in this direction are being sought to understand the actual underlying physical processes. (C) 2021 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.