Design of a Nonlinear Backstepping Versus Sliding Mode Controller for a Human Musculoskeletal arm Model in Sagittal plane

A recent increase in stroke and diseases causing spinal cord injury has resulted in increased limitations to human mobility, particularly in the upper extremities. Because of these diseases, the brain cannot send correct signals to the muscles; therefore the use's movement system is disrupted, even if the user has healthy muscles. With a functional electrical stimulation, upper limb rehab can be a...