Food Industrial Biowaste-Based Magnetic Activated Carbons As Sustainable Adsorbents for Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions.

Bio-derived magnetic activated carbons from industrial chestnut shell waste have been obtained through a novel, optimized and sustainable methodology where impregnation, pyrolysis, acid washing or other intermediate steps commonly used in the activation process were eliminated saving time, energy and costs. The resulting materials (MACs) were obtained at 220-800 degrees C showed interesting properties: textural (SBET up to 568 m(2) g(-1)) and magnetic (different iron species developed), depending on the activation temperature employed. Data showed outstanding results when MACs were tested for Hg removal in pollution emissions at 150 degrees C in lab-scale device. In MACs obtained at 500-600 degrees C, where the highest concentration of magnetite was found, the best Hg adsorption capacity was achieved, while it decreased when metallic iron or iron carbides were present (MACs obtained at 800 degrees C). Moreover, the difference of Hg0 removal/adsorption in N2+O2 and Simulated Flue Gas atmosphere between MACs obtained at 500 and 600 degrees C pointed out the influence on Hg removal of addi-tional parameters, as surface chemistry and the existence of sulfur or chloride. The determination of Hg species in post-retention solids confirmed the mercury oxidation by high-valence iron ions (Fe3+) and the involvement of physisorption and chemisorption processes for the gas-solid interaction mechanism.