Time-resolved spectral-image laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for precise qualitative and quantitative analysis of milk powder quality by fully excavating the matrix information

•A novel method named time-resolved spectral-image laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (TRSI-LIBS) was proposed.•TRSI-LIBS not only uses the intensity information of spectra, but also can effectively excavate the matrix information.•The time-resolved spectra used by TRSI-LIBS are less affected by fluctuations and have strong robustness.•TRSI-LIBS can effectively improve the performance of qualitative and quantitative analysis models for milk powder quality.