Association between gene expression levels of GDF9 and BMP15 and clinicopathological factors in the prognosis of female infertility in northeast Indian populations

Female Infertility is a serious health issue, and genetic factors plays crucial role in female infertility. To explore the molecular mechanism involved in female infertility, we had investigated demographic, clinicopathological factors and gene expression profile of BMP15 and GDF9 in primary and secondary female infertility patients. Present study comprised of 469 primary and 210 secondary infertile females, and 419 fertile females (controls). The expression level of GDF9 and BMP15 genes was studied using quantitative real-time PCR and multifactor dimensionality reduction tool (MDR) was used to detect high-risk interaction. Finding revealed that there was down-regulation of the BMP15 and GDF9 gene in both primary and secondary infertile women in comparison to fertile women. A significant difference in the expression level of GDF9 gene among the study subjects for the various levels of TSH and RBS (p < 0.01) indicating that the level of gene expression was influenced by few hormonal factors. The best risk factor model predicted for female infertility was the five-factors model of TSH, LH, LH/FSH ratio, Hb, MCV with 100% CVC and maximum TBA = 0.921 and p < 0.01. Thus, down-regulation of GDF9 and BMP15 gene and interaction of clinicopathological factors significantly persuade female infertility, and these findings might be useful as possible biomarker for the estimation of primary and secondary female infertility.