Is Humoral and Cellular Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Modified by DMT in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases?

BACKGROUND:The effect of disease-modifying therapies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine response is unclear.OBJECTIVES:We aim to determine the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-CD20-treated patients with other autoimmune diseases (AID).METHODS:Humoral and cellular responses we determined before and 30-90 days after vaccination in patients with MS and anti-CD20-treated patients with other AID in two Catalan centers.RESULTS:457 patients were enrolled. Findings showed that humoral response decreased under anti-CD20s or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) and with longer treatment duration and increased after 4.5 months from the last anti-CD20 infusion. Cellular response decreased in S1PRM-treated. Patients on anti-CD20 can present cellular responses even in the absence of antibodies.CONCLUSION:Anti-CD20s and S1PRM modify the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.