Impact of endocrine disorders on stillbirth: a prospective cohort study

Objective Among risk factors for SB, maternal endocrine diseases (ED), such as thyroids dysfunction and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are the most frequent. This study aimed to investigate the rate of ED in a population of SB cases collected prospectively, and the relationship between these and causes of death. Methods This is an area-based, prospective cohort study conducted in Emilia-Romagna, Italy between January 2014 and December 2020. Data included all cases of SB (>22 weeks). Results From 2014 to 2020, 766 SB occurred out of a total of 232.506 births (SB rate:0.3/1000). The ED were present in 197/766 cases of SB (25.7%), respectively, 104 thyroid disease (52.8%), 74 GDM (37.5%), and 19 cases of concomitant GDM and thyroid disease (9.6%). Women who had SB associated with ED presented significantly higher mean maternal age (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), obesity (p < 0.001) and lower smoking habit (p = 0.02) respect with control group. Neonatal and placental weight of stillborn women with ED was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in respect to stillborn of the control group. Women with ED as associated condition (ReCODE classification), present significantly higher cases of SB caused by placenta pathologies (p = 0.009) namely abruptio placentae (p = 0.001) respect than control group. Conclusions ED was more frequent in older and obese women experiencing SB. The main cause of death was abruptio placentae. This information can be helpful when counseling mothers with ED and planning antenatal management to prevent SB.