A Pilot Study Comparing Aortic Sonography, Flow Cytometry, and Coronary CT

Purpose To improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction by combining screening techniques and to determine whether the combination of sonographic aortic calcification quantification, measurement of aortic intimal thickness, and monocyte laboratory values provides improved diagnostic detection compared with computed tomography (CT) calcium scoring. Methods A pre-experimental design was used to collect imaging, demographic, and biometric data. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 11 volunteers aged 40 to 60 years, including 6 men and 5 women. Collected data included anthropometric measures, laboratory values, flow cytometry, coronary artery calcium scores, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) 10-year risk scores, and aortic intimal-medial thickness (IMT). Results Aortic IMT in the distal portion of the aorta or region 1 was related significantly to mass (r = 0.725, P =.012), body mass index (r = 0.668, P =.025), and ASCVD 10-year risk score (r = 0.747, P =.033). The aortic IMT in mid portion of the aorta or region 2 was related significantly to mass (r = 0.651, P =.030), antihypertensive medications (r = 0.682, P =.021), ASCVD 10-year risk score (r = 0.753, P =.031), and total coronary artery calcification (CAC) (r = 0.626, P =.039). In addition, the proportions of circulating CD14(+)CD16(-) (traditional) and CD14(+)CD16(+) (inflammatory) monocytes, and the monocyte surface expression of the adhesion molecules CD11a and CD11c, were correlated with the number of calcifications in regions 1 and 2. Discussion The use of a modified grading system for sonography provided a nonionizing, noninvasive option to easily assess patients' risks of CVD in an office environment. Although CAC has been used widely as a screening mechanism for CVD, ionizing radiation use might not be justified for those who are asymptomatic. The combination of sonography with flow cytometry demonstrated a promising alternative for assessing CVD risk. Conclusion tBetter quantification of inflammatory markers and atherosclerotic plaques is needed. The combination of noninvasive imaging and advanced laboratory analysis holds promise for assessing and managing CVD risk. This study provides further evidence of the need for continued research with larger sample sizes and diversified populations to improve the quality of CVD risk assessment.