COVID-19 Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Complications

To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global pandemic and public health disaster.In addition to acute respiratory manifestations, patients with COVID-19 exhibit other non-respiratory manifestations, particularly in those with severe underlying disease.Few specific therapeutics are effective for COVID-19, and supportive care is the primary remedy.Here, we comprehensively surveyed the most recent reports on extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19 and their corresponding treatments, as well as the comparison of different clinical symptoms and complications of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) patients.We wish to provide a molecular and cellular understanding of the complications of COVID-19 and provide guidance for future diagnostics, therapeutics, and prognostics of COVID-19.