Defining Virtual Reality (VR). Scoping Literature Review on VR Applications in Autism Research

Virtual Reality (VR) systems are a sophisticated interplay of technology and human perception. VR systems share three main features: immersion, interaction, and a sense of presence. Many empirical studies have since recognized VR as an important therapeutic tool. Research in VR and psychology has increased exponentially over the last few decades and has been reviewed previously. In our review, we will examine VR use in autism research as an illustrative example to demonstrate a need for precise definitions. Three databases were chosen: Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. 42 studies were analysed. Recommendations for future research have emerged from the reviewed literature, such as the need for larger sample sizes representing the entire autism spectrum and wider age ranges. The most substantial problem in the literature reviewed is the problem of definitions of VR. We describe the need for clear definitions of the equipment used and propose more refined terminology.