Trivalence and anaphora

The idea that some kind of partiality is involved in the treatment of donkey anaphora is central to the dynamic treatment of the phenomenon (as in Kamp 1981; Heim 1982 and especially Krahmer and Muskens 1995). More recently, Rothschild (2017) has developed an explicitly trivalent treatment of anaphora in a static framework. I will start by explaining the puzzle; then I will explain the standard dynamic approach; Krahmer and Muskens’ bilateral dynamic semantics; and Rothschild’s static trivalent account. Finally, I will develop an alternative trivalent approach, based on the non-trivalent system I develop in Mandelkern 2022.