Electron Beam Evaporation of Superconductor-Ferromagnet Heterostructures

AbstractWe report on the electronic and magnetic properties of superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures fabricated by electron beam evaporation on to unheated thermally oxidised Si substrates. Polycrystalline Nb thin films (5 to 50 nm thick) were shown to possess reliably high superconducting critical temperatures ($$T_{c}$$ T c ), which correlate well with the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of the film. These properties improved during ex-situ annealing, resulting in $${\Delta }T_{c}$$ Δ T c and $${\Delta }$$ Δ RRR increases of up 2.2 K ($$\sim$$ ∼ 40% of the pre-annealed $$T_{c}$$ T c ) and 0.8 ($$\sim$$ ∼ 60% of the pre-annealed RRR) respectively. Nb/Pt/Co/Pt heterostructures showed substantial perpendicular anisotropy in the ultrathin limit (≤ 2.5 nm), even in the extreme limit of Pt(0.8 nm)/Co(1 nm)/Pt(0.6 nm). These results point to the use of electron beam evaporation as route to line-of-sight deposited, low-thickness, high quality Nb-based superspintronic multilayers.