A Comprehensive Evaluation of Regression-Based Drug Responsiveness Prediction Models, Using Cell Viability Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50 Values).

Motivation: Predicting drug response is critical for precision medicine. Diverse methods have predicted drug responsiveness, as measured by the half-maximal drug inhibitory concentration (IC50), in cultured cells. Although IC5Os are continuous, traditional prediction models have dealt mainly with binary classification of responsiveness. However, since there are few regression-based IC50 predictions, comprehensive evaluations of regression-based IC50 prediction models, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), for diverse data types and dataset sizes, have not been addressed. Results: Here, we constructed 11 input data settings, including multi-omics settings, with varying dataset sizes, then evaluated the performance of regression-based ML and DL models to predict IC50s. DL models considered two convolutional neural network architectures: CDRScan and residual neural network (ResNet). ResNet was introduced in regression-based DL models for predicting drug response for the first time. As a result, DL models performed better than ML models in all the settings. Also, ResNet performed better than or comparable to CDRScan and ML models in all settings.