Extraction and optimization of natural colorant from Garcinia mangostana Linn peels for leather dyeing

Developing an eco-benign dyeing process through natural products such as fruits is a way to achieve sustainability in the manufacturing process. The present research focuses on extracting natural dye from Garcinia mangostana Linn (G. mangostana Linn) skin wastes for leather dyeing purposes. The aqueous colorant extract from G. mangostana Linn characterization peel waste has been extracted through green synthesis and characterized for their suitable applications. The functional annotation of the colorant shows 3398, 2926, 1708, and 1631 cm−1 stretching correspond to anthocyanin molecule. The particle size of the obtained dye measured about 420 nm in diameter. Using Response Surface Methodology, dyeing parameters such as concentration, temperature, and duration are optimized. The optimum dyeing condition is 20% dye, with a 2 h duration in the leather processing. The effect of mordants has been studied and found that there is an increase in color intensity. The results of fastness, organoleptic, and physical properties are in an acceptable range. The study provides an insight into the utilization of food wastes into high-value products for leather dyeing.