Numerical simulation of multi-size bubbly flow in a continuous casting mold using population balance model

A population balance model based on the multiple-size-group (MUSIG) approach was developed to investigate the multi-size bubbly flow in a slab continuous casting mold. Firstly, effects of the bubble size group number, the initial bubble diameter, and the calibration factors for breakage and coalescence in MUSIG model on the multi-size bubbly flow were discussed in detail. Then, effects of both the water and gas flow rates on the bubble size distribution, the gas volume fraction, and the turbulence intensity of liquid phase were investigated. A relatively high water flow rate intensified the turbulence in the upper recirculation region of the mold and also eased the turbulence near the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) by promoting the breakage and horizontal transportation of bubbles; thus, an appropriate water flow rate is essential for better stability with a lower turbulence intensity near the SEN to prevent exposed slag eye formation and slag entrainment. With increase in the gas flow rate, the mean bubble diameter and gas volume fraction increased significantly, the turbulence near the SEN was also significantly increased, but this effect was much weaker in the region away from the SEN.