Biologically-inspired mechanisms for space applications

Chapter Contents: 4.1 Subsurface exploration 4.1.1 Ovipositor drilling 4.1.1.1 Dual-reciprocating drill 4.1.2 Peristaltic motion 4.2 Surface mobility inspired by animals 4.2.1 Gecko and spider adhesion 4.2.1.1 Waalbot 4.2.1.2 Abigaille 4.2.1.3 Legged excursion mechanical utility rover 4.2.1.4 Additional concepts 4.2.2 Legged locomotion 4.2.2.1 Abigaille 4.2.2.2 SCORPION 4.2.2.3 Additional concepts 4.2.3 Hopping locomotion 4.3 Object capture 4.3.1 Adhesive grippers 4.3.2 Kangaroo vibration suppression 4.4 Mobility inspired by plants 4.4.1 Seed dispersal 4.4.1.1 Mars Tumbleweed 4.4.2 Vine and tendril climbing 4.4.2.1 Tendril 4.4.3 Plant root growth 4.5 Artificial muscle actuators 4.5.1 Ionic polymer metal composites 4.5.2 Dielectric elastomers 4.6 Aerial mobility 4.6.1 Wing-flapping mechanisms 4.7 Navigation systems for mobility 4.7.1 Natural and invasive interfacing 4.7.1.1 Insect/machine hybrid controller 4.7.2 Honeybee optics 4.7.2.1 Bio-inspired engineering of exploration systems 4.7.3 Optic flow landing 4.7.3.1 Elementary motion detectors 4.7.3.2 Additional concepts 4.8 Multi-agent spacecraft system architectures 4.8.1 Swarm intelligence 4.8.1.1 Autonomous Nano Technology Swarm 4.8.1.2 Additional concepts 4.8.2 Cellular spacecraft architecture 4.8.2.1 Cell apoptosis 4.8.2.2 Satellite Stem Cell 4.9 Hibernation for human spaceflight 4.10 Summary and future References