Formation of Bow Shock Waves Around a Blunt Body in Magnetohydrodynamics Flows

The diffraction of a shock wave over a stationary body is a problem of interest associated with the starting of shock tubes and expansion tubes, which are well suited to studies of hypersonic magnetohydrodynamic flows. However, these facilities are characterized by very short test times. The transient parameters during the establishment of the detached bow shock in such impulsive facilities are important for both data processing and experimental design. In the present study, based on the low magnetic Reynolds number assumption and dipole magnetic field distribution, the influence of magnetic field on the diffraction of an incident shock wave over a sphere was studied numerically. The incident shock Mach number ranges from 11 to 15 under different magnetic field intensities. Time histories of the shock-detached distance and stagnation pressure were first obtained. Moreover, the time needed to establish the steady flows over the sphere was also displaced against the magnetic interaction parameter. The larger the magnetic interaction parameter, the longer the time needed to establish a steady bow shock for experiments, which further challenges the facilities to have sufficient test times for conducting hypersonic magnetohydrodynamic flow experiments.