Random Sampling-and-Averaging Techniques for Single-Photon Arrival-Time Detections in Quantum Applications: Theoretical Analysis and Realization Methodology

A random sampling-and-averaging (RSA) technique based on stochastic Monte Carlo methods is described in this paper for enhancing the accuracy of single-photon arrival-time measurements down to sub-picosecond ranges in emerging quantum applications. The theoretical variances of both synchronous and asynchronous RSA techniques are presented in the mathematical formats and experimentally verified by ...